SECTION 1. The Commissioner of Revenue is hereby directed to perform a thorough study and prepare a detailed report concerning the Commonwealth’s estate tax and potential reforms to said tax. The study and report shall address each of the topics listed in Section 2 of this Act. The Commissioner shall complete the report no later than December thirty-first, two thousand twenty-four, shall deliver copies of the report and supporting appendices to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President of the Senate, the chairs of the Committees on Ways and Means, and the co-chairs of the Joint Committee on Revenue by said date, and shall publish the report and supporting appendices on the Department of Revenue’s website by said date.

SECTION 2. The study and report ordered by Section 1 of this Act shall address each of the following topics and questions, along with other matters that the Commissioner deems pertinent:

(a) In recent years, what percent of annual deaths in the Commonwealth result in estate tax liabilities? How would that percentage change if the exemption threshold was raised to two million dollars?

(b) What percent of total deaths in recent years have taxable estates larger than three million dollars? Five million dollars? Ten million dollars?

(c) What would be the revenue impact of increasing the estate exemption threshold from one million dollars to two million dollars? What would be the additional revenue impact of also providing that the tax on estates larger than two million dollars could not reduce the after-tax value of the estate below two million dollars?

(d) What would be the revenue impact of instead excluding from taxation the first two million dollars of all taxable estates? What would be the incidence of tax reductions from such an exclusion among estates of different sizes?

(e) What would be the revenue impact of raising the marginal rate of tax on estates larger than twelve million dollars to seventeen percent? To eighteen percent? What would be the revenue impact of instead raising the marginal rate of tax on estates larger than fifteen million dollars to seventeen percent? To eighteen percent?

(f) For estates of between one and two million dollars, for what portion of such estates does a primary residence in Massachusetts constitute more than one-half of the value of the estate? More than three-quarters? Same question for estates of between two and three million dollars?

(g) What would be the revenue impact of granting to all estates of less than two million dollars an exemption of up to five hundred thousand dollars of the value of a primary residence in Massachusetts? Same question for an exemption of up to one million dollars of the value of a primary residence in Massachusetts? How would the benefit of such exemptions be distributed among all estates of between one and two million dollars? What percent of estates between one and two million dollars would owe no estate tax if allowed each of such exemptions?

(h) If there were an exemption, for any estate of less than two million dollars, equal to one million dollars multiplied by a fraction representing the percentage of the value of the

total estate consisting of a primary residence in Massachusetts, what would be the revenue impact. How would the benefit of such an exemption be distributed among all estates of between one and two million dollars? What percent of estates between one and two million dollars would owe no estate tax if allowed such an exemption? Same questions if the same exemption were available to any estate of less than three million dollars?

(i) Explain available mechanisms for using trusts, limited liability companies, and other mechanisms to transfer assets without estate tax liability. How much revenue is currently lost because of such strategies? To what extent would those lost revenues be avoided if Massachusetts had a gift tax, at estate tax rates, modeled on the federal gift tax? What if a Massachusetts gift tax, at estate tax rates, were instead modeled on the federal gift tax in effect on December thirty-first of the year two thousand? Are there other ways to close major estate tax avoidance strategies?