HOUSE DOCKET, NO. 2081        FILED ON: 1/19/2023

HOUSE  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  No. 318

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts

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PRESENTED BY:

James K. Hawkins

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To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in General
Court assembled:

The undersigned legislators and/or citizens respectfully petition for the adoption of the accompanying bill:

An Act relative to toxic free kids.

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PETITION OF:

HOUSE DOCKET, NO. 2081        FILED ON: 1/19/2023

HOUSE  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  No. 318

[SIMILAR MATTER FILED IN PREVIOUS SESSION
SEE HOUSE, NO. 939 OF 2021-2022.]

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts

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In the One Hundred and Ninety-Third General Court
(2023-2024)

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An Act relative to toxic free kids.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:
 

SECTION 1. Chapter 21A of the General Laws is hereby amended by inserting after section 27 the following section:-

Section 28. (a) For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly requires otherwise:

“Authoritative body”, is an agency or formally organized program or group that the department of environmental protection, in consultation with the Toxics Use Reduction Institute at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, has identified as having expertise in the identification of chemicals causing cancer and other toxicity; provided, that these authoritative bodies shall include, but are not limited to: (i) the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; (ii) the federal Environmental Protection Agency; (iii) the European Chemicals Agency; (iv) the International Agency for Research on Cancer; (v) the National Toxicology Program; and (vi) the Occupational Safety Health Administration.

“Chemical”, is a substance with distinct molecular composition and the breakdown products of the substance that form through decomposition, degradation, or metabolism or a group of structurally related substances and the breakdown products of the substances that form through decomposition, degradation, or metabolism.

“Chemical class”, is groupings that relate chemicals by similar features including classifications by structure, physical properties, or other factors.

“Children”, are natural persons 12 years of age and under.

“Children’s product”, consumer products intended, made or marketed for use by children12 years of age or under  , including: (i) toys; (ii) children’s clothing; (iii) children's cosmetics and personal care products; (iv) children's jewelry and novelty products; (v) children’s school supplies; (vi) children’s arts and crafts supplies, including model making supplies (vii) children’s bedding, furniture, and furnishings; (viii) child car seats; (ix) products to help a child with sucking or teething, or to facilitate sleep, relaxation, or the feeding of a child; (x) artificial turf fields installed on school properties, publicly owned properties, or intended for use by children under the age of 18; (xi) products that meet any of the following conditions: represented in its packaging, display, or advertising as appropriate for use by children, sold in conjunction with, attached to, or packaged together with other products that are packaged, displayed, or advertised as appropriate for use by children sold in a retail store, catalogue, or online website, in which a person exclusively offers for sale products that are packaged, displayed, or advertised as appropriate for use by children, or sold in a discrete portion of a retail store, catalogue, or online website, in which a person offers for sale products that are packaged, displayed, or advertised as appropriate for use by children; provided, however, that “children’s product” shall not include: (i) batteries; (ii) slings and catapults; (iii) sets of darts with metallic points; (iv) toy steam engines; (v) bicycles and tricycles; (vi) video toys that can be connected to video screen and are operated at a nominal voltage exceeding twenty-four volts; (vii) chemistry sets; (viii) consumer and children's electronic products, including but not limited to personal computers, audio and video equipment, calculators, wireless phones, game consoles, and handheld devices incorporating a video screen, used to access interactive software and their associated peripherals; (ix) interactive software, intended for leisure and entertainment, including computer games and their storage media, including compact disks; (x) BB guns, pellet guns and air rifles; (xi) snow sporting equipment, including skis, poles, boots, snow boards, sleds and bindings; (xii) roller skates; (xiii) scooters; (xiv) model rockets; (xv) athletic shoes with cleats or spikes; (xvi) pocketknives and multitools; (xvii) food and beverages and food and beverage packaging regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration or the United States Department of Agriculture; (xviii) pharmaceutical products and biologics; and (xix) medical devices, as defined in the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, U,S,C, 21 section 321(h).

“Contaminant”, is trace amounts of chemicals that are incidental to manufacturing and that serve no intended function in the product component, including, but not limited to: (i) unintended by-products of chemical reactions during the manufacture of the product component; (ii) trace impurities in feedstock; (iii) incompletely reacted chemical mixtures; and (iv) degradation products.

“De minimis level”, (i) for a chemical that is an intentionally added chemical in a component of a consumer product, the practical quantification limit; (ii) for a chemical that has a contaminant present in a component of a consumer product, a concentration of 100 parts per million; or (iii) for an engineered nanoobject, there shall be no de minimis level.

“Department”, the department of environmental protection.

“Engineered nanoobject”, is a material with 1, 2, or 3 external dimensions in the nanoscale.

“Government entity”, a federal or state government agency.

“IC2”, the Interstate Chemicals Clearinghouse, is an association of state, local, and tribal governments that promotes a clean environment, healthy communities, and a vital economy through the development and use of safer chemicals and products.

“Institute”, the Toxics Use Reduction Institute established in section 6 of chapter 21I.

“Manufacturer”, any person, firm, association, partnership, corporation, governmental entity, organization, combination or joint venture which produces a children’s product or an importer or domestic distributor of a children’s product that is produced in a foreign country.

“Nanoscale”, size range from approximately 1 nanometer to 100 nanometers.

“Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances” or “PFAS”, are substances that include any member of the class of fluorinated organic chemicals containing at least one fully fluorinated carbon atom.

“Practical quantification limit”, is the lowest concentration of a chemical that can be reliably measured within specified limits of precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability during routine laboratory operating conditions; provided, that the practical quantification limit is based on scientifically defensible, standard analytical methods; and provided further, that the practical quantification limit for a given chemical may be different depending on the matrix and the analytical method used.

“Regulated perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances” or “regulated PFAS”, are substances that include either: (i) PFAS that a manufacturer has intentionally added to a product and that have a functional or technical effect in the product, including, but not limited to, the PFAS components of intentionally added chemicals and PFAS that are unintentional breakdown products of an added chemical that also have an afunctional or technical effect in the product; or (ii) the presence of PFAS in a product or product component at or above 100 parts per million, as measured in total organic fluorine.

A “Safer alternative”, is an alternative whose potential to harm human health is less than that of the use of a high-priority chemical that it could replace.

“Toy”, is a product designed or intended by the manufacturer to be used by a child at play.

(b) No manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer shall knowingly sell, offer for sale or distribute for use a children’s product or product component containing regulated PFAS.

(c) The department, in consultation with the institute, shall maintain and publish a list of toxic chemicals of concern in children’s products, which shall be available to the public on the department’s website.

The chemicals of concern list shall include chemicals identified by a government entity or other authoritative body or identified based on scientific evidence as being :

(1) a carcinogen or mutagen;

(2) persistent or bio-accumulative and toxic

(3) an endocrine disruptor;

(4) a reproductive or developmental toxicant;

(5) a neurotoxicant;

(6) a respiratory or skin sensitizer; and

(7) any other chemical of equivalent concern, as determined by the department, in consultation with the institute.

In developing the chemicals of concern list, the department shall consult published authoritative lists of chemical categorizations, including, but not limited to, the Maine Chemicals of Concern List, New York Chemicals of Concern List, Oregon Chemicals of Concern List, Vermont Chemicals of Concern List, Canadian Domestic Substances List Categorization, the European Commission list of Substances of Very High concern, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer list of carcinogens.

As needed, but not less than every 3 years, the department, in consultation with the institute, shall update the chemicals of concern list.

(d) Not later than 180 days after a chemical is added to the chemicals of concern list established under subsection (c), and biennially thereafter, a manufacturer of a children’s product for sale in the commonwealth that contains a chemical in an amount greater than a de minimis level shall notify the department in writing; provided, however, if the children’s product contains a listed chemical that is an engineered nanoobject, the manufacturer shall notify the department in writing regardless of the amount of chemical present. The manufacturer’s written notice shall include:

(1) the name of the chemical used or produced and its chemical abstracts service registry number;

(2) a brief description of the product or product component containing the chemicals, including the Global Product Classification product brick description;

(3) the brand name, product model, and the universal product code if the product has such a code;

(4) a description of the function of the chemical in the product;

(5) the amount of the chemical used in each unit of the product or product component, which may be reported in ranges, rather than the exact amount; and

(6) the name and address of the manufacturer and the name, address, and phone number of a contact person for the manufacturer.

The department is authorized to direct submission of such reports to the IC2 and may otherwise provide for reciprocal data sharing with other states which require reporting of the same information. The department shall specify procedures for the provision of such notice by manufacturers to the IC2.

(e) The department shall make the information reported under subsection (d) available to the public via the department’s website and via linkage to relevant databases on the IC2 website.

(f) The department in consultation with the institute, shall maintain and publish a list of high-priority chemicals in children’s products, which shall be available to the public on the department’s website.

The department may identify a chemical as a high-priority chemical if, upon such review: (i) the chemical or its metabolites have been found through biomonitoring to be present in humans; (ii) the chemical has been found through sampling and analysis to be present in household dust, indoor air, drinking water or elsewhere in the home environment; (iii) the chemical has been scientifically demonstrated to release from the product, resulting in likely exposure to children; or  (iv) the sale or use of the chemical or a children's product containing the chemical has been restricted in another state or states within the United States.

The department, in consultation with the institute, may remove a chemical from the high-priority chemicals list if, upon review, it determines based on substantial scientific evidence that such chemical no longer meets the criteria for listing under this subsection.

Not later than 180 days after a chemical is added to the high-priority chemicals list, manufacturers of a children’s product containing such high-priority chemical shall notify persons that offer the children’s product for sale or distribution in the state that the product contains a high-priority chemical and shall provide such persons with information regarding toxicity and risk management. Notification shall be provided in a form specified by the department.

Not later than 3 years after a chemical is added to the high-priority chemicals list, no person shall distribute, sell or offer for sale in the commonwealth a children's product containing the high-priority chemical, unless a prohibition on the distribution, sale or offer for sale of the children’s product would be preempted by federal law or the commissioner exempts the children's product from such prohibition because, in the commissioner's judgment, the lack of availability of the children's product could pose an unreasonable risk to public health, safety or welfare.

The department, in consultation with the institute, shall update the high-priority chemicals list at least once every 3 years. At least 3 high-priority chemicals or one chemical class shall be added to the high-priority chemicals list at each update.

(g) The department, in consultation with the institute, may periodically publish a list of safer alternative chemicals that may be substituted for the chemicals listed on the high-priority chemicals list established in subsection (f). Manufacturers of children’s products containing high-priority chemicals may redesign products to eliminate the need for high-priority chemicals or they may substitute a chemical from the safer alternatives list.

Manufacturers may not replace chemicals on the high-priority chemicals list established in subsection (f) with any chemical that is on the chemicals of concern list established in subsection (c) or any chemical that has been identified by a government entity or other authoritative body or is identified based on scientific evidence as having the characteristics of a chemical of concern as described in subsection (c).

Manufacturers that seek to replace chemicals on the high-priority chemicals list established in subsection (f) with chemicals that are not on the safer alternative chemicals list established in this subsection shall disclose to the department and institute the chemical substitutes that the manufacturer will use. The manufacturer shall conduct a hazard assessment that explains how the children’s product and any substitute chemical the children’s product contains, are less hazardous than before the substitution was made. The department shall establish the methodology that a manufacturer must use, and the standards that a children’s product must meet, in order to comply with the hazard assessment requirements. Upon the request of the department, manufacturers must submit hazard assessments to the department for review.

If the department, in consultation with the institute, requests to review the hazard assessment, the department, in consultation with the institute, may approve or disapprove a hazard assessment within 180 days after its submission. If the department fails to act within 180 days, the hazard assessment is deemed approved, and the manufacturer may continue to sell or offer for sale in this state the children’s product for which the manufacturer submitted a hazard assessment. If the department disapproves a hazard assessment, the manufacturer may submit a revised hazard assessment for consideration within 180 days of the department’s disapproval.

(h) The department may conduct testing of children’s products sold or offered for sale in the state in order to determine compliance with this act.

(i) The department may grant a temporary or permanent waiver to manufacturers of children’s products that request a waiver from the requirement to remove or substitute high-priority chemicals. The manufacturer applying for a waiver must demonstrate that the high-priority chemical is not reasonably anticipated to result in exposure based on an analysis of the leachability and bioavailability of the chemical of concern. The department may establish requirements and fees for waiver requests.

(j) This section shall apply to chemicals in children’s products sold or distributed as new and do not apply to used children’s products that are sold or distributed for free at secondhand stores, yard sales, on the internet, or donated to charities.

(k) A manufacturer that produces, sells, or distributes a product prohibited from the manufacture, sale, or distribution in the commonwealth under this section shall recall the product and reimburse the retailer or any other purchaser for the product.

(l) A manufacturer of products in violation of this section shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $5,000 for each violation in the case of a first offense. Manufacturers who are repeat violators are subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each repeat offense.

(m) If there are grounds to suspect that a children’s product is being offered for sale in violation of this section, the department may request the manufacturer of the children’s product to provide a statement of compliance on a form provided by the department within 10 days of receipt of a request from the department. The statement of compliance shall: (i) attest that the children’s product does not contain the dangerous chemical; (ii) attest and provide the department with documentation that notification of the presence of the high-priority chemical has been provided to the department or provide notice as required by subsection (f); or (iii) attest that the manufacturer has notified persons that sell the product in this state that the sale of the children’s product is prohibited.

Retailers who unknowingly sell products that are restricted from sale under this section are not liable under this section.

(n)  Every 3 years, the department, in consultation with the institute, shall submit a report on the toxic chemicals of concern in children's products to the joint committee on public health, the joint committee on the environment, natural resources and agriculture, and the house and senate committees on global warming and climate change. The report shall include general information and policy recommendations for addressing toxic chemicals in children’s products, including, but not limited to: (i) ways, in addition to the IC2, to inform and educate consumers about toxic chemicals in children’s products; (ii) ways to protect children from toxic chemical exposures; (iii) progress and challenges in implementing this section; (iv) updated lists of chemicals of concern, high priority chemicals, and safer alternative chemicals; (v) results of reporting, including the number and types of children’s products with chemicals of concern or high priority chemicals, amounts used, and the most frequently disclosed chemicals; (vi)   information on waiver requests made and granted and compliance and enforcement activities, including testing and penalties; and (vii) any proposed regulations and legislation necessary to carry out the report’s recommendations. The department shall make the report available on its website and may publicize it through any other appropriate channels.

(o) The department shall promulgate rules and regulations necessary for the implementation and enforcement of this section, including the need for department and institute staffing, website development and management, reporting, and testing and enforcement.

SECTION 2. The regulations required by subsection (o) of section 28 of chapter 21A of the General Laws shall be promulgated not later than 1 year after the effective date of this act.

SECTION 3. Notwithstanding any general or special law to the contrary, the department of environmental protection, in consultation with the Toxics Use Reduction Institute established in section 6 of chapter 21I of the General Laws, shall publish an initial: (i) list of toxic chemicals of concern in children’s products, as required by subsection (c) of section 28 of chapter 21A of the General Laws; (ii) list of high priority chemicals in children’s products, as required by subsection (f) of section 28 of chapter 21A of the General Laws; and (iii) list of safer alternative chemicals in children’s products, as required by subsection (g) of section 28 of chapter 21A of the General Laws, not later than 2 years after the effective date of this act.

SECTION 4. Notwithstanding any general or special law to the contrary, the department of environmental protection, in consultation with the Toxics Use Reduction Institute at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, shall submit its first report, as required by subsection (n) of section 28 of chapter 21A of the General Laws, not later than 3 years after the effective date of this act.