SECTION 1. Section 18 of chapter 30A of the General Laws, as appearing in 2022 Official Edition, is hereby amended by striking out, in line 1, the number 25, and inserting in place thereof the following number:- 26.

SECTION 2. Section 18 of chapter 30A of the General Laws, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by inserting after the word “meeting”, in line 9, the following word:- information.

SECTION 3. Said section 18 of said chapter 30A, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by inserting at the end thereof the following:-

“Remote access,” access through the internet, video conferencing or other video technology that allows the public to view and, when permitted or required, participate in a meeting of a public body remotely from a location other than the meeting location.

“Remote participation,” participation by a member of a public body in a meeting of that public body through internet, video conferencing or other video technology remotely from a location other than the meeting location.

SECTION 4. Chapter 30A is hereby amended by striking out section 20 and inserting in place thereof the following section:

Section 20 (a) Except as provided in section 21, all meetings of a public body shall be physically open, and remotely accessible, to the public.

(b) Except in an emergency, in addition to any notice otherwise required by law, a public body shall post notice of every meeting at least 48 hours prior to the meeting, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. In an emergency, a public body shall post notice as soon as reasonably possible prior to the meeting. Notice shall be printed in a legible, easily understandable format and shall contain the date, time and place of the meeting and a listing of topics that the chair reasonably anticipates will be discussed at the meeting.

(c) For meetings of a local public body, notice shall be filed with the municipal clerk and posted to the municipal website by the municipal clerk and may be posted in a manner conspicuously visible to the public at all hours in or on the municipal building in which the clerk’s office is located. For meetings of a regional or district public body, notice shall be filed and posted in each city or town within the region or district in the manner prescribed for local public bodies and notice shall be posted on the regional or district public body’s website. For meetings of a regional school district, the secretary of the regional school district committee shall be considered to be its clerk and shall file notice with the clerk of each city or town within the district and the clerk of such each city or town shall post the notice in the manner prescribed for local public bodies, and notice shall be posted on the regional school district’s website. For meetings of a county public body, notice shall be filed in the office of the county commissioners for the county and shall be posted on the county public body’s website, and notice may be posted in a manner conspicuously visible to the public at all hours in the places as the county commissioners shall designate for the purpose.

For meetings of a state public body, notice shall be filed with the attorney general by posting on a website under the procedures established for this purpose and a duplicate copy of the notice shall be filed with the regulations division in the state secretary’s office and notice shall be posted on the state public body’s website, or the website of its parent agency.

The chair of a public body may petition the attorney general for the use of an alternative method of notice where the use of a website is unduly burdensome or presents a hardship to the public body or regional school district. The attorney general may prescribe or approve alternative methods of notice where the attorney general determines that the use of a website is unduly burdensome or presents a hardship and the alternative methods will afford effective notice to the public.

(d) (1) All public bodies shall provide for remote access and remote participation at every meeting.

(2) Members of a public body participating physically or participating remotely in a meeting shall participate in the same manner for the duration of that meeting. A public body, other than a local commission on disability, shall have the chair or the chair’s designee physically present at all meetings and members participating remotely may vote, count towards the quorum, and shall not be deemed absent for the purposes of section 23D of chapter 39. The chair of a local commission on disability or, in the chair’s absence, the person authorized to chair the meeting of a local commission on disability, shall be physically present at the meeting location.

(3) Members of a state public body participating physically or participating remotely in a meeting shall participate in the same manner for the duration of that meeting. A state public body shall have the chair or the chair’s designee physically present at all meetings and members participating remotely may vote, count towards the quorum, and shall not be deemed absent for the purposes of section 23D of chapter 39. All meetings of a state public body shall be video recorded with access to the recording posted on the website of the public body within 10 business days after the meeting.

(4) Remote access allowing the public to view or participate in the deliberations of a public body shall be available without any paid subscription, toll, or similar charge. All public bodies shall ensure remote access to meetings is accessible to persons with disabilities and provided in such a manner as to ensure equal opportunity to such persons. Public bodies shall include captioning, through automatic speech recognition technology or otherwise, and shall provide reasonable accommodations, if requested, to persons with disabilities participating remotely, consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

(5) All public bodies shall ensure that remote participation by members is accessible to members with disabilities and provided in such a manner as to ensure equal opportunity to such members. Public bodies shall include captioning, through automatic speech recognition technology or otherwise, and shall provide reasonable accommodations, if requested, to persons with disabilities participating remotely, consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

(e) After notifying the chair of the public body, any person may make a video or audio recording of an open session of a meeting of a public body, or may transmit the meeting through any medium, subject to reasonable requirements of the chair as to the number, placement and operation of equipment used so as not to interfere with the conduct of the meeting. At the beginning of the meeting, the chair shall inform other attendees of any recordings.

(f) No person shall address a meeting of a public body without permission of the chair, and all persons shall, at the request of the chair, be silent. No person shall disrupt the proceedings of a meeting of a public body. If, after clear warning from the chair, a person continues to disrupt the proceedings, the chair may order the person to withdraw from the meeting and if the person does not withdraw, the chair may authorize a constable or other officer to remove the person from the meeting.

(g) Within 2 weeks of qualification for office, all persons serving on a public body shall certify, on a form prescribed by the attorney general, the receipt of a copy of the open meeting law, regulations promulgated under section 25 and a copy of the educational materials prepared by the attorney general explaining the open meeting law and its application under section 19. Unless otherwise directed or approved by the attorney general, the appointing authority, city or town clerk or the executive director or other appropriate administrator of a state or regional body, or their designees, shall obtain certification from each person upon entering service and shall retain it subject to the applicable records retention schedule where the body maintains its official records. The certification shall be evidence that the member of a public body has read and understands the requirements of the open meeting law and the consequences of violating it.

SECTION 5. Section 22 of said chapter 30A of the General Laws, as appearing in the 2022 Official Edition, is hereby amended by striking subsection (a) and inserting in place thereof the following subsections:-

(a) A public body shall create and maintain accurate minutes of all meetings, including executive sessions, setting forth the date, time and place, the members present or absent, a summary of the discussions on each subject, a list of documents and other exhibits used at the meeting, the decisions made, and the actions taken at each meeting, including the record of all votes. Minutes of all meetings, including executive sessions, shall be created, and approved by the following meeting or within 30 days, whichever is later, unless the public body can show good cause for further delay.

SECTION 6. Section 22 of said chapter 30A, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting in place thereof the following:-

(c) The minutes of an open session, if they exist and whether approved or in draft form, shall be made available upon request to any person within 10 business days. A public body may, within 10 business days, refer the requester to the public body’s website where the requested minutes, whether approved or in draft form, may be found. Within 10 business days of approval, minutes of an open session shall be posted to the public body’s website.

SECTION 7. Said Section 22 of said chapter 30A, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by inserting after the word “meeting”, in line 60, the following words:-

Within 10 business days of a determination that continued non-disclosure of executive session minutes is no longer warranted, such executive session minutes shall be posted to the public body’s website.

SECTION 8. Said section 22 of said chapter 30A, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by inserting after the word “review”, in line 69, the following words:-

A public body may, within 10 business days, refer the requester to the public body’s website where the requested minutes may be found if all requested minutes have been released to the public.

SECTION 9. Said Section 23 of said chapter 30A, as so appearing, is hereby amended by inserting after the word “violation”, in line 34, the following words: or a civil penalty of not more than $200 against any member of a public body for a third or subsequent knowing violation.

SECTION 10. Subsection (c) of said section 23 of said Chapter 30A, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by striking out the seventh clause and inserting in place thereof the following clauses:-

(7) issue a private education letter to a member of a public body;

(8) reprimand a member of a public body; provided, however, that no member of a public body shall be reprimanded unless the attorney general has issued a private education letter to said member within the past twelve months; or;

(9) prescribe other appropriate action.

SECTION 11. Subsection (f) of said section 23 of said Chapter 30A, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by inserting at the end thereof the following paragraph:-

The remedy created hereby is not exclusive but shall be in addition to every other available remedy. In an action brought by 3 or more registered voters, such order of notice may also require the public body to reimburse said voters reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs.

SECTION. 12.  Chapter 30A of the General Laws, is hereby amended by inserting after section 25, the following new section:

Section 26. (a) All public bodies shall conduct their meetings in accordance with section 20 except as provided herein.

(b) A rural community with a population of less than 10,000 and a population density below 500 people per square mile, as defined by the state office of rural health, within the Department of Public Health, may request a hardship waiver from the division of open government on behalf of any non-elected local public body for reasons of economic or technological hardship.

(c) A local public body that is granted a hardship waiver shall be relieved of the obligation to conduct public meetings in accordance with section 20 of chapter 30A and may conduct meetings with either remote access and remote participation or in a public place that is open and physically accessible to the public.

(d) The division of open government may issue or renew a hardship waiver annually, if necessary, upon a written finding.

SECTION 13. Section 26 of Chapter 30A is hereby repealed.

SECTION 14. Section 13 shall take effect on June 30, 2028.

SECTION 15. Sections 1 through 11 of this act shall take effect on April 1, 2025.