SECTION 1. Chapter 233 of the General Laws, as appearing in the 2022 Official Edition, is hereby amended by inserting after section 20O the following section:-

Section 20P.

(a) For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly requires otherwise:

“Journalist”, a person regularly engaged in the business of gathering, preparing, collecting, photographing, recording, writing, editing, reporting, investigating or publishing news or information concerning local, national, or international events or other matters of public interest for dissemination to the public; provided, however, that “journalist” shall not include any governmental entity or individual employed thereby engaged in official governmental information activities.

“Investigative body”, a court, grand jury, agency, board, department or commission of the commonwealth.

“Journalism”, the business of gathering, preparing, collecting, photographing, recording, writing, editing, reporting, investigating or publishing news or information concerning local, national, or international events or other matters of public interest for dissemination to the public.

“Unpublished information”, notes, outtakes, photographs, tapes or other information of whatever sort not itself disseminated to the public by the journalist through a medium of communication, whether or not published information based upon or related to such material has been disseminated.

(b) In a state proceeding before an investigative body, a journalist shall have the privilege of refusing to disclose, and to prevent a third party from disclosing on their behalf,  the source of any published or unpublished information obtained using journalism for any medium of communication to the public unless a court of competent jurisdiction finds that disclosure is: (i) necessary to protect national security; (ii) necessary to ensure a defendant’s right to a fair trial and cannot reasonably be obtained by alternate testimony; or (iii) reasonably likely to prevent imminent violence, bodily harm, or death.

(c) In a state proceeding before an investigative body, a journalist shall have the privilege of refusing to disclose, and to prevent a third party from disclosing on their behalf, unpublished information obtained or prepared using journalism for any medium of communication to the public unless a court of competent jurisdiction, upon a showing that the damage from disclosure to the free flow of information is more than speculative or theoretical, finds that the public’s interest in every person’s evidence outweighs the public’s interest in the free flow of information.

(d) A claim of privilege conferred by this section may be contested by a petition to the superior court for an order divesting the privilege. Upon receipt of the petition the court must notice and hear from both parties and produce a written order. An order of disclosure by the superior court shall be subject to review by the supreme judicial court and during the pendency of the appeal the privilege shall remain in full force and effect.

(e) Any privilege conferred by this section shall not apply if: (i) the journalist directed or participated in criminal activity to procure the information; or (ii) the information is from a disclosed source and has already been made public.