SECTION 1. Findings.

The Commonwealth’s legislature makes the following findings:

(1)Labor organizations have fiduciary duties to act on behalf of the individuals they represent in regard to all aspects of labor-management relations with both public-sector and private-sector employers.  These matters include, but are not limited to, activity investigating, seeking and/or securing representation, personnel matters, grievances, labor disputes and dispute resolution, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, conditions of work, collective bargaining, contract administration, petitioning activity and adjudicatory actions before the courts and administrative agencies.

(2)The discharge of those duties fosters industrial peace, human dignity, and the continued improvement of the employment relationship, with benefits to employees, employers, and the general public.

(3)The effective discharge of those duties depends on individuals’ confidence that their confidential communications with their labor organization representatives in the course of securing representation and  representation will be protected against disclosure, and that labor organizations’ internal deliberations concerning their organizational and representational duties be protected against disclosure so that unions may engage in the balancing that is necessary to carry out their duty to all members and individuals they seek to represent.

(4)To effectuate the public policy favoring effective labor-management relations, it is necessary to protect confidential labor organization–individual communications in the course of union representation against disclosure, except in the rare circumstances where disclosure appears necessary to prevent injury from a crime or when legal claims are brought in formal proceedings against unions. The creation of a union–individual privilege is accordingly in the best interests of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

SECTION 2.  Chapter 233 of the Massachusetts General Laws is hereby amended by establishing a new section of law, Section 20P, after Section 20O as follows:

(a)Definitions. As used in this section, the following words shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly requires otherwise:

(1)An “employee” is an individual represented by a labor organization or who is seeking information, services, or assistance from a labor organization, whether or not that individual is a member of a labor organization.

(2)A “labor organization” also known as a labor union, is any lawful organization whose primary purposes include the representation of employees in their employment and labor relations with employers, including without limitation labor organizations defined by chapters 150A and 150E of the General Laws, 29 U.S.C. § 152(5) and 5 USC § 7103(a)(4), and 45 U.S. 151.

(3)“Representation” means any action by a labor organization, its employees or agents acting on their own or in concert with employees it represents or seeks to represent with regard to the employees’ employment and labor relations with employers. The subjects of representation include, but are not limited to, organizing and representation at an employer or in an industry or trade, grievances and other labor disputes, collective bargaining, protest or petitioning activity, work stoppages and strikes, and dispute resolution, and any other action to advance employees’ working conditions, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or employer policies, practices and procedures impacting the same.

(4)A “representative of the labor organization” is an employee or agent of the labor organization who assists the labor organization in providing services to an employee.

(5)A “communication” includes any oral, written, or electronic communication or document containing such communication made in the course of or concerning, regarding or relating to representation. A communication between a labor organization, its employees or agents and an employee, or a communication between labor organization representatives for the benefit of an employee is “confidential” if it is not intended to be disclosed to third persons other than those to whom disclosure is made to obtain or provide services to the employee, and those reasonably necessary for the transmission of the communication.

(b) General Rule of Privilege. Neither a labor organization representative nor an employee the labor organization seeks to represent, represents or has represented shall be examined as to, or be required to disclose, any confidential communication between an employee and labor organization representative or between union representatives made in the course of labor representation.

(1)An employee has a privilege to refuse to disclose and to prevent others from disclosing confidential communications made for the purpose of obtaining assistance from a labor organization with regard to confidential communications:

(i) between the employee and the labor organization or its representatives,

(ii) between the employee's attorney and the labor organization or its representatives, or

(iii) between labor organization representatives in considering or acting upon a request for assistance from an employee.

(2)A labor organization has a privilege to refuse to disclose and to prevent others from disclosing confidential communications made for the purpose of assisting an employee with regard to confidential communications:

(i) between the employee and the labor organization or its representatives,

(ii) between the employee's attorney and the labor organization or its representatives, or

(iii) between labor organization representatives in considering or acting upon a request for assistance from an employee.

(c) Who May Claim the Privilege. The privilege may be claimed by the employee, the labor organization, its employees and agents. 

(d) Exceptions. The Labor Organization-Employee privilege does not apply to the following:

(1)Furtherance of Crime or Fraud. If the services of the labor organization were sought or obtained to commit or to plan to commit what the employee knew or reasonably should have known was a crime or fraud or is the examination or disclosure appears necessary to prevent the commission of a crime that is likely to result in a clear, imminent risk of serious physical injury or death of a person;

(2) Breach of Duty Of Fair Representation. As to a communication relevant to an issue of breach of duty of fair representation between an employee and a labor organization; or

(3) Document Attested by a Labor Organization’s Representative. As to a communication relevant to an issue concerning an attested document to which the labor organization’s representative is an attesting witness;

SECTION 3: Massachusetts General Laws chapter 150E shall be amended to add a new section, Section 16, after Section 15, which shall state as follows:

The privilege established by G.L. c. 233 § 20P shall apply to all labor organizations covered by this chapter and in all proceedings authorized by this chapter.

SECTION 4:  Massachusetts General Laws chapter 150A shall be amended to add a new section, Section 13, after Section 12, which shall state as follows:

The privilege established by G.L. c. 233 § 20P shall apply to all labor organizations covered by this chapter and in all proceedings authorized by this chapter.

SECTION 5.  Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 161A, Section 25 shall be amended by adding after the last sentence in the Section a new paragraph stating:

The privilege established by G.L. c. 233 § 20P shall apply to all labor organizations covered by this chapter and in all proceedings authorized by this chapter.

SECTION 6.  Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 161A, Section 26 shall be amended by adding after the last sentence in the Section a new paragraph stating:

The privilege established by G.L. c. 233 § 20P shall apply to all labor organizations covered by this chapter and in all proceedings authorized by this chapter.

SECTION 7.  Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 15D, Section 17 shall be amended by the following sentence at the end of sub-section (b) a new section as follows:

The labor organization-employee privilege established by G.L. c. 233 § 20P shall apply to all representation activities covered and in all proceedings authorized by sub-section or 17A, 17G and 17J of Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 180.

SECTION 8.  This act shall become effective January 1, 2026.